美国不能因反恐而蔑视人权
GENEVA — The United States came under heavy scrutiny Wednesday, 11/12/2014, from U.N. experts investigating whether it had violated the terms of a global treaty that prohibits torture.
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美国反恐 岂能蔑视人权
by 王正中 (旧金山) 2014-11-27
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.....13年前，九一一事件发生后，当时布希总统宣布，国际间禁止用刑求侦讯的公约，只限用美国本土。於是在美军占领的阿富汗、伊拉克，和一些受美国控制的国家黑牢里，美国军方和CIA將抓来的恐怖嫌犯，大肆严刑求供。刑罚一共有多少种，从来没被政府公布过。
比较为人所知的，一是疲劳审问，把一盏大灯照在犯人脸上，不让他睡觉，昼夜不停审问。二是水刑，把一块湿毛巾放在躺平的犯人脸上，然后在毛巾上不停浇水。美其名曰让犯人以为自己要被淹死了，实际上正是要淹死他。如此令人髮指的残酷刑罚，竟被號称尊重人权的美国政府加诸「嫌犯」身上，令人难以相信。
2004年，美军在伊拉克阿布格莱布（Abu Ghraib) 监狱虐待犯人的照片被公布。犯人们被脱得一丝不掛，头上扣著一个黑布口袋，站在不稳的凳子上，被狂吠的军犬恐吓。或被堆成一座裸体人山，让美军藉以取乐。... 这种极端侮辱个人尊严的行径，受到举世谴责。
它还在古巴美军占有的关达纳摩建立一座大型监狱，將很多恐怖嫌犯囚禁在內。很多人已被关在里面超过十年，这些人既没有被控任何罪名，又没有经过公开审讯，更没有被法院判罪。可能有些人是完全无辜的，可是不知还会再被关多久。这些人的冤屈，能向何处申诉？有谁能来维护他们的基本人权？
欧巴马总统就任以来，很想將关达纳摩的囚犯移来美国，在美国接受审判。可是一般民眾一致认为囚犯是可怕的恐怖分子，没有地方愿意收容他们。欧巴马无计可施，將这些人向世界各地分送。据最新报导，又有五名囚犯要被送走。三个送去乔治亚，两个去斯洛伐克。这些囚犯都是阿拉伯人，送他们去东欧国家，不知是什么理由。他们去了以后，命运將如何，恐怕更没有人知道，也没有人关心。不过这確是將囚犯撤离关达纳摩的好办法，现在那里只剩下143个囚犯。再继续撤离，那里就空了。可是一个自命尊重人权的国家，做出如此伤天害理的事来，於心何安？
我们普通美国民眾，不能因反恐而放弃对他人基本人权的尊重。更不可接受不经审判而將个人定罪，或默许政府用酷刑逼供。
美国立国精神，是基於对个人的尊重。法庭判决一个人有罪前，他是清白无辜的。没有人可因为对他怀疑，就对他横加侮辱或严刑拷打。这个崇高的准则，创造了美国这个人间乐土，我们每个人都有责任来捍卫它。如果有人说，恐怖分子太凶悍，必需跟他们一样，用同样的恐怖手段对付他们，才有胜过他们的希望，我们就变成另一个恐怖分子，丧失所有我们需要捍卫的理想和原则，没有开始奋斗，就已彻底被恐怖分子打垮。
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.....13年前，九一一事件发生后，当时布希总统宣布，国际间禁止用刑求侦讯的公约，只限用美国本土。於是在美军占领的阿富汗、伊拉克，和一些受美国控制的国家黑牢里，美国军方和CIA將抓来的恐怖嫌犯，大肆严刑求供。刑罚一共有多少种，从来没被政府公布过。
比较为人所知的，一是疲劳审问，把一盏大灯照在犯人脸上，不让他睡觉，昼夜不停审问。二是水刑，把一块湿毛巾放在躺平的犯人脸上，然后在毛巾上不停浇水。美其名曰让犯人以为自己要被淹死了，实际上正是要淹死他。如此令人髮指的残酷刑罚，竟被號称尊重人权的美国政府加诸「嫌犯」身上，令人难以相信。
2004年，美军在伊拉克阿布格莱布（Abu Ghraib) 监狱虐待犯人的照片被公布。犯人们被脱得一丝不掛，头上扣著一个黑布口袋，站在不稳的凳子上，被狂吠的军犬恐吓。或被堆成一座裸体人山，让美军藉以取乐。... 这种极端侮辱个人尊严的行径，受到举世谴责。
它还在古巴美军占有的关达纳摩建立一座大型监狱，將很多恐怖嫌犯囚禁在內。很多人已被关在里面超过十年，这些人既没有被控任何罪名，又没有经过公开审讯，更没有被法院判罪。可能有些人是完全无辜的，可是不知还会再被关多久。这些人的冤屈，能向何处申诉？有谁能来维护他们的基本人权？
欧巴马总统就任以来，很想將关达纳摩的囚犯移来美国，在美国接受审判。可是一般民眾一致认为囚犯是可怕的恐怖分子，没有地方愿意收容他们。欧巴马无计可施，將这些人向世界各地分送。据最新报导，又有五名囚犯要被送走。三个送去乔治亚，两个去斯洛伐克。这些囚犯都是阿拉伯人，送他们去东欧国家，不知是什么理由。他们去了以后，命运將如何，恐怕更没有人知道，也没有人关心。不过这確是將囚犯撤离关达纳摩的好办法，现在那里只剩下143个囚犯。再继续撤离，那里就空了。可是一个自命尊重人权的国家，做出如此伤天害理的事来，於心何安？
我们普通美国民眾，不能因反恐而放弃对他人基本人权的尊重。更不可接受不经审判而將个人定罪，或默许政府用酷刑逼供。
美国立国精神，是基於对个人的尊重。法庭判决一个人有罪前，他是清白无辜的。没有人可因为对他怀疑，就对他横加侮辱或严刑拷打。这个崇高的准则，创造了美国这个人间乐土，我们每个人都有责任来捍卫它。如果有人说，恐怖分子太凶悍，必需跟他们一样，用同样的恐怖手段对付他们，才有胜过他们的希望，我们就变成另一个恐怖分子，丧失所有我们需要捍卫的理想和原则，没有开始奋斗，就已彻底被恐怖分子打垮。
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GENEVA — The United States came under heavy scrutiny Wednesday from U.N. experts investigating whether it had violated the terms of a global treaty that prohibits torture.
The panel quizzed Obama administration officials not just on the treatment of suspected terrorists held at CIA so-call “black sites” during the administration of President George W. Bush, but also the practices of U.S. police officers and prison guards. Among the topics were prolonged solitary confinement in prisons and the sexual abuse of inmates.
Mary E. McLeod, the acting legal adviser to the U.S. State Department, acknowledged that in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, “We did not always live up to our own values, including those reflected in the convention,” a reference to the 1984 U.N. Convention against Torture, which the United States and 155 other nations have signed.
“As President Obama has acknowledged, we crossed the line and we take responsibility for that,” she said.
But McLeod also told the panel, “There should be no doubt, the United States affirms that torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment and punishment are prohibited at all times in all places.”
The session was part of the periodic review of U.S. compliance with the anti-torture convention. The U.S. was last reviewed in May 2006.
U.S. officials are expected to respond Thursday to questions from the 10-member panel on whether the United States has a “specific plan and timetable” for closing the detention center for suspected terrorists at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and whether the United States intends to release 28 videos of the forced feeding of Guantanamo prisoners who were on a hunger strike. A federal court in Washington has ordered the administration to make the videos public.
The panel also sought an explanation for why the United States has refused to allow the U.N.’s special rapporteur on torture to meet privately with detainees at Guantanamo.
Alessio Bruni, an Italian who is one of two investigators for the panel, also pressed for comment on whether the U.S. had made any effort to condemn the alleged kidnappings by the CIA of an estimated 100 people on European Union territory who were then sent to other countries for questioning.
U.S. officials also faced questions on police practices and prison conditions from the other investigator, Jens Modvig of Denmark. Modvig pressed the 27-member U.S. delegation on what the U.S. government has done to review police practices, particularly those in Ferguson, Mo., which was wracked by weeks of unrest after a police officer shot and killed an African-American teenager in disputed circumstances.
Modvig also questioned the delegation on the distribution of military equipment to local police forces and on what independent oversight exists to prevent the excessive use of force by police.
David Bitkower, deputy assistant attorney general with the U.S. Justice Department’s criminal division, told the panel that the department’s civil rights division has opened over 20 investigations “into systemic police department violations over the past five years.” He added, “We have prosecuted over 330 police officers for misconduct.”
Bruni also asked the U.S. delegation why some prison inmates are kept in their cells alone for as long as 23 hours a day, and he noted that news stories have said some prisoners in Louisiana have been in solitary confinement for more than 30 years. He said such treatment causes “anxiety, depression and hallucinations until their personality is complete destroyed.”
Modvig also pointed to reports that as many as 40,000 adult inmates and 1,390 juveniles had reported being sexually victimized by prison staff and asked the U.S. delegation to provide details of how many such cases are investigated each year in the United States.
Bitkower said the Justice Department “is continuing to work to prevent, detect and respond to abuse in U.S. prisons.”
He said the Justice Department last year found that Pennsylvania’s use of “long-term and extreme forms of solitary confinement” violated U.S. law and noted that U.S. federal courts “have interpreted the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution as prohibiting the use of solitary confinement under certain circumstances.”
But the U.S. delegation also said in its report to the commission that “there is no systematic use of solitary confinement in the United States.”
The anti-torture panel is scheduled to present its findings on Nov. 28.
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